Solving a System of Three Equations by the Linear Combination Method (Addition Method)

A System of three linear equations looks like this:

 x +  2y - 3z  = -3      Equation 1
2x -  5y + 4z = 13     Equation 2
5x + 4y  -  z  =  5      Equation 3

It is just three linear equations put together. There will always be three variables in a system of 3 linear equations. In this case, they are x, y, and z.

Solving a system of three equations by the linear combination method only takes 3 steps.

Step 1: Rewrite the equations in the system so that it becomes a linear system with two variables.

Step 2: Solve the new linear system for both of its variables

Step 3: Substitute the values of the variables found in Step 2 in to one of the original equations and solve for last variable.

Note: If you get 0=1 as one of the equations, then the system has no solution. If You get 0=0, then there are infinitely many solutions.


Solving a system with Linear Combination Method:

3x + 2y + 4z = 11
2x -   y  + 3z =  4
5x -  3y + 5z =  -1
Step 1: Eliminate one of the variables in two of the original equations.

Add 2 times the second equation to the first.

3x + 2y + 4z = 11              Equation 1
4x -  2y + 6z =   8              Equation 2 times 2
      7x + 10z= 19               New Equation 1

Add -3 times the second equation to the third.

 5x  - 3y + 5z =   -1              Equation 3
-6x + 3y  - 9z = -12              Equation 2 times -3
         -x  - 4z = -13              New Equation 2
Step 2: Solve the new system of linear equations in two variables.

7x + 10z = 19              New Equation 1
-7x - 28z = -91             New Equation 2 times 7
       -18z = -72

            z = 4               Solve for z

            x = -3              Substitute 4 for z into New Equation 1 or 2 to find x
Step 3: Substitute x = -3 and z = 4 into an original equation and solve for y.
2x    - y + 3z   = 4              Equation 2
2(-3) - y + 3(4) = 4              Substitute -3 for x and 4 for z
                   y = 2              Solve for y

Now you know x = -3, y = 2, and z = 4. You can also write it as (-3,2,4). To check your answer, substitute the values for x back in to each of the original equations.


Example Problems:

1.

  x + 2y + 5z = -1
2x  -   y +   z =  2
3x + 4y  - 4z = 14

2.

5x - 4y + 4z = 18
 -x+ 3y -  2z =  0
4x - 2y + 7z =  3

3.

 -5x + 3y +  z = -15
10x + 2y + 8z = 18
15x + 5y + 7z =   9